🔖 🐳 Docker & Kubernetes Cheat Sheet

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1. Cheat Sheet

1.1. Docker

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1.2. Docker Compose

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1.3. Kubernetes

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含义	命令
查看 Kubernetes 集群中的 namespace	kubectl get namespaces
获取 Pod 列表	kubectl get pods -n <namespace>
进入指定的 Pod 和容器	kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -n <namespace> -- /bin/bash kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -n <namespace> -- /bin/sh
下载文件	kubectl cp <namespace>/<pod-name>:/path/to/dmp-file /local/path 示例：kubectl cp my-namespace/my-pod:/app/dump-file.dmp /home/user/dump-file.dmp

2. Docker 服务实例

docker-tutorial

通过 docker、docker-compose 创建部署 postgresql、redis、elasticsearch 等服务。

‼️ 注意：以下案例是为了让测试实例快速、简单运行，不要用于生产环境部署。

2.1. docker

2.1.1. MongoDB

MongoDB Docker Installation: Everything You Need to Know

docker run --name mongo_database \
 -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME={username} \
 -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD={password} \
 -p 27017:27017 \
 -d mongo:latest

# 连接 mongodb
docker exec -it mongo_database mongo -u {username} -p {password}
docker exec -it mongo_database mongosh -u {username} -p {password}

创建 database 后赋予权限：

use test_database

db.createUser({
  user: "{user}",
  pwd: "{password}",
  roles: [{ role: "readWrite", db: "test_database" }]
})

2.1.2. MySQL

2.1.2.1. install - 1

Installing MySQL with Docker

docker run --name mysql-latest \
-p 3306:3306 -p 33060:33060 \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_HOST='%' -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='strongpassword' \
-d mysql/mysql-server:latest

# 连接 mysql
docker exec -it mysql-latest mysql -uroot -pstrongpassword

2.1.2.2. install - 2

1. 拉取 mysql 镜像

2. 运行容器
    docker run --name mysql \
      -p 3306:3306 \
      -v $HOME/_docker/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
      -v $HOME/_docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
      -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \
      -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
      
      # -d mysql:5.7.23
      # --name mysql：容器名字为 mysql
      # -p 3306:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口
      # -v $HOME/_docker/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 ~/_docker/mysql/conf.d 挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql/conf.d，这个是挂载配置目录
      # -v $HOME/_docker/mysql/data：将主机当前目录下的 data 目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysqs，为数据文件存放路径
      # -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化root用户的密码

3. 进入容器内部
    docker exec -it mysql bash

2.1.3. RabbitMQ

# 启动 RabbitMQ，并启用 MQTT 插件
docker run -d \
  --name rabbitmq \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin \
  -p 1883:1883 \
  -p 4369:4369 \
  -p 5671:5671 \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 15671:15671 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  -p 15691-15692:15691-15692 \
  -p 25672:25672 \
  rabbitmq:3-management \
  /bin/bash -c "rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt rabbitmq_web_mqtt && rabbitmq-server"

2.1.4. Nginx

# 在本地创建以下目录结构：
/Users/{your.dir}/docker/nginx/
├── nginx.conf
├── conf.d/
│   └── default.conf
├── logs/
└── html/
    └── index.html

# 创建挂载的目录
mkdir -p /Users/{your.dir}/docker/nginx/{conf.d,logs,html}

# 默认配置文件在下面
docker run \
  -p 80:80 \
  --name nginx \
  -v /Users/{your.dir}/docker/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  -v /Users/{your.dir}/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
  -v /Users/{your.dir}/docker/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx \
  -v /Users/{your.dir}/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
  -d nginx:latest

2.1.4.1. default.conf

# /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    # 访问日志
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    # 根目录配置
    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    # 错误页面配置
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # 禁止访问 .htaccess 文件
    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny  all;
    }
}

2.1.4.2. nginx.conf

# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    # 包含额外的配置文件
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

2.1.4.3. index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Hello, Nginx!</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello, Nginx!</h1>
    <p>This is a test page.</p>
</body>
</html>

2.2. docker-compose

2.2.1. docker-compose 命令

「docker-compose」是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的编排工具。使用「docker-compose」后不再需要逐一创建和启动容器。使用 YML 文件来配置应用程序需要的所有服务，然后使用一个命令，就可以从 YML 文件配置中创建并启动所有服务。

命令	含义&备忘
docker-compose up	启动所有编排容器服务
docker-compose up -d	后台启动所有编排容器服务
docker-compose ps	查看正在运行中的容器

2.2.2. postgresql

通过 docker compose 搭建；默认使用目录名称

目录名：./docker-compose/postgresql/
文件名：docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  postgres:
    image: arm64v8/postgres:12.6
    container_name: postgresql
    hostname: postgresql
    #restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: 123456
      POSTGRES_DB: demo
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      PGTZ: Asia/Shanghai
    ports:
      - '5432:5432'
    volumes:
      - pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
  postgres-exporter:
    image: prometheuscommunity/postgres-exporter
    container_name: postgres-exporter
    hostname: postgres-exporter
    #restart: always
    environment:
      DATA_SOURCE_NAME: postgresql://postgres:123456@postgresql:5432/postgres?sslmode=disable
    ports:
      - 9187:9187
  pgadmin:
    image: dpage/pgadmin4:7.6
    container_name: pgadmin
    hostname: pgadmin
    #restart: always
    environment: 
      PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL: xxx@163.com
      PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD: 123456
    ports:
      - "5433:80"
volumes:
  pg-data:

2.2.3. redis_cluster

通过 docker compose 搭建；默认使用目录名称

目录名：./docker-compose/redis_cluster/
文件名：docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  redis-node-0:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/redis-cluster:7.2
    container_name: redis-node-0
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis-cluster_data-0:/bitnami/redis/data
    environment:
      - 'REDIS_PASSWORD=bitnami'
      - 'REDIS_NODES=redis-node-0 redis-node-1 redis-node-2 redis-node-3 redis-node-4 redis-node-5'

  redis-node-1:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/redis-cluster:7.2
    container_name: redis-node-1
    ports:
      - "6380:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis-cluster_data-1:/bitnami/redis/data
    environment:
      - 'REDIS_PASSWORD=bitnami'
      - 'REDIS_NODES=redis-node-0 redis-node-1 redis-node-2 redis-node-3 redis-node-4 redis-node-5'

  redis-node-2:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/redis-cluster:7.2
    container_name: redis-node-2
    ports:
      - "6381:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis-cluster_data-2:/bitnami/redis/data
    environment:
      - 'REDIS_PASSWORD=bitnami'
      - 'REDIS_NODES=redis-node-0 redis-node-1 redis-node-2 redis-node-3 redis-node-4 redis-node-5'

  redis-node-3:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/redis-cluster:7.2
    container_name: redis-node-3
    ports:
      - "6382:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis-cluster_data-3:/bitnami/redis/data
    environment:
      - 'REDIS_PASSWORD=bitnami'
      - 'REDIS_NODES=redis-node-0 redis-node-1 redis-node-2 redis-node-3 redis-node-4 redis-node-5'

  redis-node-4:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/redis-cluster:7.2
    container_name: redis-node-4
    ports:
      - "6383:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis-cluster_data-4:/bitnami/redis/data
    environment:
      - 'REDIS_PASSWORD=bitnami'
      - 'REDIS_NODES=redis-node-0 redis-node-1 redis-node-2 redis-node-3 redis-node-4 redis-node-5'

  redis-node-5:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/redis-cluster:7.2
    container_name: redis-node-5
    ports:
      - "6384:6379"
    depends_on:
      - redis-node-0
      - redis-node-1
      - redis-node-2
      - redis-node-3
      - redis-node-4
    environment:
      - 'REDIS_PASSWORD=bitnami'
      - 'REDISCLI_AUTH=bitnami'
      - 'REDIS_CLUSTER_REPLICAS=1'
      - 'REDIS_NODES=redis-node-0 redis-node-1 redis-node-2 redis-node-3 redis-node-4 redis-node-5'
      - 'REDIS_CLUSTER_CREATOR=yes'

volumes:
  redis-cluster_data-0:
    driver: local
  redis-cluster_data-1:
    driver: local
  redis-cluster_data-2:
    driver: local
  redis-cluster_data-3:
    driver: local
  redis-cluster_data-4:
    driver: local
  redis-cluster_data-5:
    driver: local

2.2.4. elasticsearch_cluster

Install Elasticsearch with Docker | Elasticsearch Guide [8.3] | Elastic

2.2.5. kafka_cluster

通过 docker compose 搭建；默认使用目录名称

目录名：./docker-compose/kafka_cluster/
文件名：docker-compose.yml
注意：需要将yml中127.0.0.1替换成宿主机ip

kafkaManager：http://localhost:39000/

version: '3'
services:
  zookeeper:
    image: wurstmeister/zookeeper
    container_name: zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
 
  kafka1:
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 127.0.0.1
      KAFKA_CREATE_TOPICS: TestComposeTopic:4:3
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://127.0.0.1:9092
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092
    container_name: kafka01
 
  kafka2:
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    ports:
      - "9093:9093"
    environment:
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 127.0.0.1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 2
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://127.0.0.1:9093
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9093
    container_name: kafka02
 
  kafka3:
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    ports:
      - "9094:9094"
    environment:
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 127.0.0.1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 3
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://127.0.0.1:9094
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9094
    container_name: kafka03
 
  kafka-manager:  
    image: sheepkiller/kafka-manager
    environment:
        ZK_HOSTS: 127.0.0.1
    ports:
      - "39000:9000"
    expose:
      - "9000"

2.2.6. Rabbit MQ

1. 安装镜像：docker pull arm64v8/rabbitmq:3.13.6-management
2. 运行：docker run -d --name rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 arm64v8/rabbitmq:3.13.6-management
3. 控制台界面：http://localhost:15672/#/，账号密码：guest

如果控制台界面无法打开，尝试以下方法：

# 进入容器
docker exec -it {容器id} /bin/bash

# 执行此命令：
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management